reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Federalism in India. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . Adobe d C A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Historical experience 3.2 2. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. 1. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. 3. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. ! The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Nigeria. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. >> If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. >> International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. by the federal or any state government. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. /F1 6 0 R Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Power Sharing Formula Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. /Type /Page What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Population of the country The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). /BitsPerComponent 8 Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. << Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. He rejects the assertion that All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. This is because most of the power (financial and. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest.

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