waco texas shooting 2020

2, Branch Davidian Evidence, January 2000, Department of the Treasury, Memorandum to the Press. Ramsey Clarka former U.S. Attorney General, who represented several Branch Davidian survivors and relatives in a civil lawsuitsaid that the report "failed to address the obvious": "History will clearly record, I believe, that these assaults on the Mt. It was carried out by the U.S. federal government, Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. The expert retained by the U.S. Office of Special Counsel concluded that many of the gunshot wounds "support self-destruction either by overt suicide, consensual execution (suicide by proxy), or less likely, forced execution. They raised a host of issues, challenging the constitutionality of the prohibition on possession of machine guns, the jury instructions, the district court's conduct of the trial, the sufficiency of the evidence, and the sentences imposed. [90] When the FBI's documents were turned over to Congress for an investigation in 1994, the page listing the use of the pyrotechnic devices was missing. [99] On September 19, 2000, Judge Walter Smith followed the Supreme Court's instructions and cut 25 years from the sentences of five convicted Branch Davidians, and five years from the sentence of another. Officers were called at 8:12 p.m. Tuesday to a shooting near the 1900 Block of Preston Street. One agent was killed and another wounded. During the siege, in a phone conversation with the FBI, Steve Schneider, one of Koresh's main confidants told FBI agents that 'the evidence from the front door will clearly show how many bullets and what happened'. From the outside, however, Koresh's appeal looked different. After a jury trial lasting nearly two months, the jury acquitted four of the Branch Davidians on all charges. The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre, [5] [6] [7] [8] was the law enforcement siege of the compound that belonged to the religious cult Branch Davidians. Houteff founded the Davidians based on his prophecy of an imminent apocalypse involving the Second Coming of Jesus Christ and the defeat of the evil armies of Babylon. "[43] The ATF began surveillance from a house across the road from the compound several months before the siege. Updated: 4:49 PM CST November 5, 2020 WACO, Texas The Waco Police Department has identified and arrested a suspect involved in three separate shootings that happened overnight on Aug. 16. Below is the original text from this story: A woman is in the hospital with life-threatening injuries after a Waco shooting. On Roden's death, control of the Branch Davidians fell to his wife, Lois Roden. [18][19][20], The Waco siege and the 1992 standoff at Ruby Ridge have been cited by commentators as catalysts for the Oklahoma City bombing by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, as well as the modern-day American militia movement and a rise in opposition to firearm regulation. Waco, TexasKWTX)- Waco police said a man was taken into custody late Sunday night after several shots were fired during an argument in a bar. Rodriguez had infiltrated the Branch Davidians and was astonished to find that his cover had been blown. Officers received this call at about 1:40 am at N. 34th St. and Brooke Cir. Roland Ballesteros, one of the agents assigned to the ATF door team that assaulted the front door, told Texas Rangers and Waco police that he thought the first shots came from the ATF dog team assigned to neutralize the Branch Davidians' dogs, but later at the trial, he insisted that the Branch Davidians had shot first. The stated plan called for increasing amounts of gas to be pumped in over two days to increase pressure. In reference to the third shooting, officers were sent originally to the area of the 1000 blk of N. 34th St. on a Discharge of a Firearm call. After the inferno swept through, Koresh and 74 other Davidians, including 25 children (some of whom Koresh had fathered), were found dead. In July 1993, true crime author Clifford L. Linedecker published his book Massacre at Waco, Texas. He mentions that Rogers said in an interview with the FBI that "when we started depriving them, [we were] really driving people closer to him [Koresh] because of their devotion to him,"[113] which was different from what he said in the Department of Justice report. WACO, Texas (KWTX) - Police are investigating a shooting at an apartment complex that left a young man suffering from an injury after a bullet grazed his head. An agent fired his shotgun at Branch Davidians until he was hit in the head by return fire and killed. Based on this evidence and testimony, the Special Counsel concluded that the fire was started by the Branch Davidians. A gun battle on Feb. 28, 1993, led to a 51-day siege that ended when an inferno erupted at the 77-acre property. "[163], Also in 2011, British indie rock band The Indelicates released a concept album, David Koresh Superstar, about Koresh and the Waco siege. Carmel have been mentioned in discussions of the Waco siege. Only a small chapel, built years after the siege, stands on the site.[94]. 2020. [164][165], The map Oregon from the tactical shooter Rainbow Six Siege, developed and published by Ubisoft, bears a similarity to the Mount Carmel Center. Posted at 9:46 PM, Jan 22, 2020 and last updated 2020-01-25 04:23:27-05 WACO, TX Authorities say a 19-year-old is dead after a reported shooting near a Waco apartment complex. In 2020, Everytown for Gun Safety reported that there were at least 369 unintentional shootings by children nationally, which resulted in 142 deaths and 242 injuries. [160] Native American activist Russell Means included a song about the siege on his 2007 album The Radical, titled "Waco: The White Man's Wounded Knee". This week marks the 25th anniversary of one of the strangest and most tragic incidents in American religious history: the bloody ending of the siege between FBI agents and members of the Branch. Says Sage, the former negotiator: Its not like I havent lived this every day of my life since then., Linda Kasabian, Member of Manson Family Cult and Key Witness in Murder Trials, Dies at 73, Journalist Killed While Covering Fla. Homicides ID'd as Dylan Lyons, 24: 'Thousand-Watt Enthusiasm', Schizophrenia Caused Eric Smith to Threaten His Mother's Life, but He Refused to Get Help Here's Why, Who Is Larry Ray? Kathryn Schroeder sentenced to three years after pleading guilty to a reduced charge of forcibly resisting arrest. Wounded: On October 21, 2013, Jose Reyes, a 12-year-old student in seventh grade, opened fire with a handgun at the basketball courts of Sparks Middle School. On May 17, 2015, in Waco, Texas, United States, a shootout erupted at a Twin Peaks restaurant where more than 200 persons, including members from motorcycle clubs that included the Bandidos, Cossacks, and allies, had gathered for a meeting about political rights for motorcyclists. [40] The children's willingness to stay with Koresh disturbed the negotiators, who were unprepared to work around the Branch Davidians' religious zeal. The officer then fired one round at the woman, police said. Final state emergencies winding down 3 years into pandemic [95] Eight Branch Davidians were convicted on firearms charges. However, these were neither psychiatrically depressed, suicidal people nor cold-blooded killers. Renos Lenny Avraam (British national) convicted of voluntary manslaughter and using a firearm during a crime. The FBI maintains that the religious group's followers ignited three fires simultaneously, a finding reportedly agreed upon by outside investigators, though some survivors still point their fingers at federal agents. Personnel of the Tribune-Herald found out about the imminent raid after the first installment of "The Sinful Messiah" had already appeared on February 27. "By the sound of it," he said, "it was likely a .50 caliber machine gun and multiple M-16s." One officer got out of his vehicle, took cover and began giving commands to the woman, according to police. Then a second male says, "Well, there are two cans here, if that's poured soon.". Various groups supporting gun control, such as Handgun Control Incorporated and the Violence Policy Center, have claimed that the Branch Davidians had fired .50 caliber rifles, and they have cited this as one reason to ban these weapons. Opening passage of "The Sinful Messiah", Waco Tribune-Herald, February 27, 1993[36], On February 27, 1993, the Waco Tribune-Herald began publishing "The Sinful Messiah", a series of articles by Mark England and Darlene McCormick, who reported allegations that Koresh had physically abused children in the compound and had committed statutory rape by taking multiple underage brides. The essays in the book include one by Michael Barkun that talked about how the Branch Davidians' behavior was consistent with other millenarian religious sects and how the use of the word cult is used to discredit religious organizations, one by James R. Lewis that claims a large amount of evidence that the FBI lit the fires, and many others. US Treasury Department July 13, 1995 Memorandum to the Press ", Part 1 of "Investigative Report #2," EXHNUM 001037, 001383, 001525, and also 000768, 002247, and 002248, Brady Campaign "Selling High Powered Military Weapons in the Suburbs", VPC Criminal Use of the .50 Caliber Sniper Rifle, Office of Special Investigations, U.S. General Accounting Office, Briefing Paper: Criminal Activity Associated with .50 Caliber Semiautomatic Rifles, Number, presented to GAO/OSI-99-15R of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, July 15, 1999 p. 5. 2003). Agents call the Branch Davidian compound to warn they are going to begin tank activity and advise residents "to take cover". The Waco Disaster and The Militarization of American Law Enforcement", "VPC - Criminal Use of the 50 Caliber Sniper Rifle", American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & The Oklahoma City Bombing, Agent describes Waco video found in Nichols' home, "Boston, Oklahoma City, Waco: Why Patriots Day? "[65] Stone wrote: The tactical arm of federal law enforcement may conventionally think of the other side as a band of criminals or as a military force or, generically, as the aggressor. Postal Service mail carrier who was coincidentally Koresh's brother-in-law. Shortly after, in 1994, a collection of 45 essays called From the Ashes: Making Sense of Waco was published, about the events of Waco from various cultural, historical, and religious perspectives. [32], On August 5, 1989, Howell released the "New Light" audiotape, in which he said that God told him to procreate with the women in the group to establish a "House of David" of his "special people." "Religious totalism, exemplary dualism and the Waco tragedy." They made an audiotape, which they played for Koresh, and which seemed to convince him. [40] Criticism was later leveled by Schneider's attorney, Jack Zimmerman, at the tactic of using sleep-and-peace-disrupting sound against the Branch Davidians: "The point was thisthey were trying to have sleep disturbance and they were trying to take someone that they viewed as unstable to start with, and they were trying to drive him crazy. "[61], The first ATF casualty was an agent who had made it to the west side of the building before he was wounded. [23] As the siege continued, Koresh negotiated for more time, allegedly so that he could write religious documents he needed to complete before surrendering. ATF agents established contact with Koresh and others inside the compound after they withdrew. However, as the siege went on, the children were aware that an earlier group of children who had left with some women were immediately separated, and the women arrested. Koresh took power in the group following a struggle with the previous leader's son. Waco, Texas, Shooting: Take a Look Inside Biker Gang Culture [147], The first documentary films critical of the official versions were Waco, the Big Lie[148] and Waco II, the Big Lie Continues, both produced by Linda Thompson in 1993. Outside the compound, nine Bradley Fighting Vehicles carrying M651 CS tear gas grenades and Ferret rounds and five M728 Combat Engineer Vehicles obtained from the U.S. Army began patrolling. [144], The Waco siege has been the subject of numerous documentary films and books. Defensive violence is utilized by cults to defend a compound or enclave that was created specifically to eliminate most contact with the dominant culture. An armored vehicle turret knocks away the first floor corner on the right side. FBI agents witnessed Branch Davidians pouring fuel and igniting a fire, and noted these observations contemporaneously. In September 1999, Attorney General Reno appointed former U.S. Disciplinary action was pursued against those individuals. The building burns very quickly. Were shots fired from the helicopters?". If your child will play baseball or softball this spring, youll need to stock up on appropriate clothing and equipment. Koresh claimed he could talk to God and unlock the Seven Seals in the Bible's Book of Revelation. Marc Smith, "Agent allegedly refused Koresh's offer," Houston Chronicle, September 11, 1993; "Gun Dealer Alerted Koresh to ATF Probe, Lawyer Says," Houston Post, Associated Press, September 11, 1993. The U.S. Department of Justice report indicated that only one body had traces of benzene, one of the components of solvent-dispersed CS gas, but that the gas insertions had finished nearly one hour before the fire started, and that it was enough time for solvents to dissipate from the bodies of the Branch Davidians that had inhaled the tear gas. s:Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians/Section 2|Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians: II. As a response to Thompson, Michael McNulty released footage to support his counter-claim that the appearance of light was a reflection on aluminized insulation that was torn from the wall and snagged on the vehicle. Soon afterward, the property went up in flames. FBI negotiator Byron Sage is recorded saying "It's time for people to come out." Kevin A. Whitecliff convicted of voluntary manslaughter and using a firearm during a crime. Another gas insertion takes place, with the armored vehicle moving well into the building on the right rear side to reach the concrete interior room where the FBI Hostage Rescue Team believe the Branch Davidians are trying to avoid the gas. The affidavit closed with Aguilera verifying the story via interviews made with associated parties and gun shops from which the Mag-Bag purchased items. [62] Inside the armory, the agents killed a Branch Davidian and discovered a cache of weapons, but subsequently came under heavy fire; two were wounded. August 29, 2020 / 3:00 PM [112] An article by Stuart A. Wright published in Nova Religio discussed how the FBI mishandled the siege, stating that "there is no greater example of misfeasance than the failure of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to bring about a bloodless resolution to the 51-day standoff. Agents claimed the holes allowed insertion of the gas as well as provided a means of escape. 1 seed in ACC, edges Pitt 78-76 for, No. [75] The FBI voiced concern that the Branch Davidians might commit mass suicide, as had happened in 1978 at Jim Jones's Jonestown complex. [90] These devices were extremely unlikely to have contributed to the fires, since they were launched into a different part of the compound three hours before the fires began. Fire destroys compound: 86 dead in total. This free-floating fear has morphed in recent years depending on the moment gun sales spiked during the original COVID lockdowns and amid the 2020 racial justice protests, and they tend to rise. The ATF arrived at 9:45 am in a convoy of civilian vehicles containing uniformed personnel in SWAT-style tactical gear. But I can tell you absolutely without hesitation that it was not us," Sage says. [115] This may or may not have been indicative of the Branch Davidians' future actions, but was the basis for the conclusion of Congress that the fire was started by the Branch Davidians, "absent any other potential source of ignition." "Huh?" Ross also telephoned the FBI on March 27 and March 28, offering advice about negotiation strategies, suggesting that the FBI "attempt to embarrass Koresh by informing other members of the compound about Koresh's faults and failures in life, in order to convince them that Koresh was not the prophet they had been led to believe. FOX44 will have more information as it becomes available. [105] Michael Caddell, the lead attorney for the Branch Davidians' wrongful death lawsuit explained, "The fact that the left-hand door is in the condition it's in tells you that the right-hand door was not consumed by the fire. The shooting continued for a total of two hours.[62]. Thompson's films made several controversial allegations, the most notorious of which was her claim that footage of an armored vehicle breaking through the outer walls of the compound, with an appearance of orange light on its front,[149] was showing a flamethrower attached to the vehicle, setting fire to the building. ", "David came to give us a message and a hope," Koresh follower Sheila Martin said in 2017. Woman accused of orchestrating drive-by shooting that killed Waco man 2013 Sparks Middle School shooting - Wikipedia [44] The investigation included sending in an undercover agent, Robert Rodriguez, whose identity Koresh learned, though he chose not to reveal that fact until the day of the raid. While to many Waco is synonymous with the deadly gunfight, siege and massive fire at the Branch Davidians' compound in 1993, local sheriff Parnell McNamara says the small town has been misunderstood. When officers arrived on-scene, they located a 23-year-old male driver who was unresponsive. The attack claimed 168 lives (including 19 children under age 6) and left over 600 injured in the deadliest act of terrorism on U.S. soil before the September 11 attacks. (Koresh had fathered perhaps 14 of the children who stayed with him in the compound.) Three pyrotechnic military tear gas rounds are shot at the concrete construction pit (not the concrete bunker), away and downwind from the main quarters, trying to penetrate the structure, but they bounce off. [152] Thompson's and Mosley's films, along with extensive coverage given to the Waco siege on some talk radio shows, galvanized support for the Branch Davidians among some sections of the right, including the nascent militia movement, while critics on the left also denounced the government siege on civil liberties grounds. Authorities are asking anyone with information to call the Waco Police Department at (254) 750-7500. Carmel church center remain the greatest domestic law enforcement tragedy in the history of the United States."[118]. In the videotape made by Koresh's followers, Koresh introduced his children and his "wives" to the FBI negotiators, including several minors who claimed to have had babies fathered by Koresh. Officers found Johnson, who would have turned 34 in a little more than a week, lying outside G's Food Mart in the 1900 block of JJ Flewellen Road in Waco after responding to a report of gunfire. Published on February 24, 2023 Catch the latest stories every week on City Beat Weekly News produced by City of Waco Productions! Increasingly aggressive techniques were used to try to force the Branch Davidians out. Trap and skeet shooters can easily presquad for ATA, PITA, and NSSA competitions by selecting events, squads, and posts. [29] Judge Herman Fitts ruled that the courtroom is no place for a casket when defense attorney Gary Coker requested it be used as evidence for the case. [142] Some of the connections appear coincidental. Lopez, Pat. "[72], As the siege wore on, two factions developed within the FBI,[40] one believing negotiation to be the answer, the other, force. Wright, S.A. 1995. FBI surveillance tapes record a male Branch Davidian saying, "The fuel has to go all around to get started." [40][83] Some Branch Davidian survivors maintain that the fires were accidentally or deliberately started by the assault. Carmel Complex, Waco Texas,", "Branch Davidians hope a new church can close wounds", Six Branch Davidians due for Release 13 Years After Waco Inferno, Andrade v. Chojnacki, 338 F. 3d 448 - Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit 2003 - Google Scholar, "Prying Open the Case of the Missing Door", Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas February 28 to April 19, 1993, s: Graeme Craddock Testimony on Waco Fire, "Report Clears Feds in Deaths of Davidians", Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians: V. Military involvement in the Government operations at WACO, "Chuck Hustmyre, "Trojan Horse: Inside the ATF raid at Waco, Texas," TruTV Crime Library, 2003", "Documents on Waco Point To a Close Commando Role", Evaluation of the Handling of the Branch Davidian Stand-off in Waco, Texas. During a 1999 deposition for civil suits by Branch Davidian survivors, fire survivor Graeme Craddock was interviewed. and, "That's them shooting! PreSquad.com - 2020 Texas State Shoot Waco Site Douglass. This involved separating married couples in the group, who had to agree that only he could have sexual relations with the wives, while the men should observe celibacy. Recalling the April 19, 1985, The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSA) siege in Arkansas (which was ended without loss of life by a blockade without a deadline), President Clinton suggested similar tactics against the Branch Davidians. Fagan was repeatedly moved between at least nine different facilities. Stone's report, during the siege the FBI used an incorrect psychiatric perspective to evaluate Branch Davidians' responses, which caused them to over-rely on Koresh's statements that they would not commit suicide. The US military provided armaments to ATF before the raid, and ATF used National Guard helicopters to fly over and shoot into the Davidians' home. The exchange of fire continued, but 45 minutes into the raid the gunfire began to slow down as agents began to run low on ammunition. ", "Events surrounding the Branch Davidian cult standoff in Waco, Texas: hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, April 28, 1993. ORIGINAL STORY: Early Friday morning around 1:50 AM, Waco PD officers received a. Of the Davidians under Koresh, he says, they thought he was God. We interviewed our tech expert, Jaime Vazquez, to learn more about accessible smart home devices. Waco police arrest man who fired gun during bar fight Allegations that the government started the fire were largely based on an FBI agent's having fired three "pyrotechnic" tear gas rounds, which are delivered with a charge that burns. She was identified as Cheri Ann Mai, 39, of Waco. The wall on the right rear side of the building collapses. Infra-red experts continue to disagree and filmmaker Amy Sommer stands by the original conclusions presented in Waco: The Rules of Engagement. [132][133] The Texas Rangers recovered at least two .50 caliber weapons from the remains of the compound. The FBI reports that it did not rely on Ross for advice whatsoever during the standoff, but that it did an interview and received input from him. Waco Real Story: The True Details Behind the Netflix Show - Heavy.com "Some of them were hard to accept, but they learned that this guy spoke like no other prophet or no other preacher that we'd experienced in our whole lifetime," says Doyle (seen at right with Koresh, left). New York Post: Disastrous Waco raid 30 years ago still fuels extremism The Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, caused the media to revisit many of the questionable aspects of the government's actions at Waco, and many Americans who previously supported those actions began asking for an investigation of them. The tear gas rounds procured from Company "F" in Waco turned out to be unusable pyrotechnic and were returned to the Company "F" office afterward. [57], The ATF knew that the Branch Davidians had a pair of .50 caliber rifles, so they asked for Bradley armored vehicles, which could resist that caliber. There, Fagan claims to have been doused inside his cell with cold water from a high-pressure hose, after which an industrial fan was placed outside the cell, blasting him with cold air. Acc. When officers arrived, they located the male victim who had told officers he had been shot at a different location and drove to the store to get help. House of Representatives report, Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians/Section 5], section about equipment for raiding a methamphetamine lab being used or not by ATF agents the day of the raid. However, the FBI waited only three days before beginning the assault, instead of an estimated two weeks for Koresh to complete a manuscript sparked by this alternative interpretation, and then come out peacefully. Cult expert Rick Ross tells PEOPLE that to this day, some of Koresh's followers remain loyal and await his resurrection, beliving he was "truly a prophet even though he prophesized that when he died, the world would end and that the world would be judged and that it would be the end of time. Texas Walmart shooting: El Paso gun attack leaves 20 dead 4 August 2019 Police were filmed responding to the shootings Twenty people have been killed and 26 injured in a mass shooting at a. Most of the buildings had been removed or were being salvaged for construction materials to convert much of the main chapel and a tall water tank into apartments for the resident members of the group. AT MONTANA SITE", "Righting Waco: Confessions of a Hollywood Propagandist < Killing the Buddha", "Bill Hicks Waco Bradley Tank Setting Fire To The Compound", "Flamethrowing Tanks Gave U.S. the Edge on Iwo Jima", Day 51 Waco Tragedy Memorial & Information, link to film, "Review: The problematic 'Waco' recasts cult leader David Koresh as a sympathetic figure", "25 Years Ago, Sepultura Release Groundbreaking Chaos A.D.", "Indelicates announce 'imminent' new album", "The Indelicates: David Koresh Superstar", "Oregon Map In Real Life Mount Carmel Center", "EPIC SCRIPTED EVENT SERIES "WACO," LANDS ON SPIKE TV", "Michael Shannon & Taylor Kitsch Topline Weinstein Co. Series 'Waco', Based On 1993 Siege", Archive.org Link to online and PDF versions, "Texas Department of Public Safety, Texas Rangers Branch Davidian Evidence Reports", Texas Rangers Investigative Report, Branch Davidian Evidence, September 1999, s:Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh September 1993, "Weapons Possessed by the Branch Davidians", s:Report to the Justice and Treasury Departments regarding law enforcement interaction with the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas, s:Correspondence to Deputy Attorney General Heymann regarding Waco Report Addendum, s:Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas. The emergency ends just as California officially passed 100,000 COVID-related deaths during the pandemic. [55] Branch Davidian Paul Fatta was a federal firearms licensed dealer, and the group operated a retail gun business called the Mag Bag. One object hurtles into the air, bounces off the top of a bus, and lands on the grass. 2003), cert. CEV2, with battering ram, rips a hole into second floor of compound; minutes later another hole is punched into the rear of one of the buildings of the compound. The defendants again appealed. Along with other protesters, he was photographed by the FBI,[140] and McVeigh himself was briefly interviewed by a television reporter. Did ATF address the extreme safety and health concerns a methamphetamine lab presents in its raid on the Branch Davidian residence? [40] The children were then interviewed by the FBI and Texas Rangers, some for hours at a time. 397.5.078. [47], Using the affidavit filed by Aguilera that alleged that the Davidians had violated federal law, the ATF obtained search and arrest warrants for Koresh and specific followers on weapons charges, citing the many firearms they had accumulated. They then climbed onto the roof to secure it to reach Koresh's room and the location where they believed weapons were stored. Waco was a landmark in the militarization of law enforcement that has helped spur massive protests in recent years. Some Branch Davidians who survived the fire acknowledged that other Branch Davidians started the fire. Furthermore, the sheriff noticed another shipment of sixty AR-15/M-16 (STANAG) magazines, to which Aguilera made the statement, "I have been involved in many cases where defendants, following a relatively simple process, convert AR-15 semi-automatic rifles to fully automatic rifles of the nature of the M-16" to justify the ATF's involvement in the case. This was before the FBI admission that pyrotechnics were used, but a yearlong investigation by the Office of the Special Counsel after that admission nonetheless reached the same conclusion, and no further congressional investigations followed. The Special Counsel considered whether the use of active-duty military at Waco violated the Posse Comitatus Act or the Military Assistance to Law Enforcement Act.

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